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铝合金 3

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Additives effects on crystallization and morphology in a novel caustic aluminate solution decomposition process

Ying ZHANG, Shili ZHENG, Yifei ZHANG, Hongbin XU, Yi ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 88-92 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0133-5

摘要： A novel process of caustic aluminate solution decomposition by alcohol medium was developed by the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences in order to solve the problem of low decomposition ratio in the traditional Bayer seeded hydrolysis process. In this research, effects of additives on the crystallization ratio, secondary particle size and morphology of aluminum hydroxide in the new process were studied to obtain high-quality products. On the basis of primary selection of additives, an orthogonal design L9(3 ) was used as a chemometric method to investigate the effects of additives. The studied parameters include the reaction style, quantity of additives, caustic soda concentration, as well as the combination manner. The crystallization ratios of sodium aluminate solution and crystal size of aluminum hydroxide, determined by ICP-OES, SEM and MLPSA (Malvern Laser Particle Size Analyzer), were used to evaluate the effects of the additives. The results showed that different combination manners could promote agglomeration or dispersion. An additive composed by Tween 80 and PEG 200 could promote agglomeration, while a spot of PEG species had a relatively strong dispersion effect. However, the additives had little effects on the crystallization ratios. According to the Raman spectra result, the added alcohol medium might serve as a kind of solvent.

关键词： additive crystallization morphology caustic aluminate solution aluminium hydroxide

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铝和轨道交通运输

杨遇春

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第5期页码 79-84

摘要：

叙述了铝在轨道列车应用中的特点、应用开发的概况和前景。

关键词：铝铝合金铁路运输高速列车磁悬浮列车

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Flux-free brazing of Mg-containing aluminium alloys by means of cold spraying

BOBZIN Kirsten, ZHAO Lidong, ERNST Felix, RICHARDT Katharina

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第4期页码 355-359 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0055-9

摘要： In the present study, AlSi12 and AlSi10Cu4 were deposited onto Mg-containing aluminium alloys 6063 and 5754 by cold spraying. The influences of the two brazing alloys and spray parameters on coating formation were investigated. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized. Some coated samples were heat-treated at 590°C and 560°C in air to investigate the effect of the rupture of oxide scales on the diffusion of elements during heat-treatment. Some coated samples were brazed under argon atmosphere without any fluxes. The results show that AlSi12 had much better deposition behaviour than AlSi10Cu4. Due to the rupture of oxide scales, Cu and Si diffused into the substrate and a metallurgical bond formed between the brazing alloys and the substrates during heat-treatment. The coated samples could be brazed without any fluxes. Because the oxide scales prevented the formation of a metallurgical bond locally, the brazed samples had relatively low shear strengths of up to 43 MPa.

关键词： diffusion metallurgical substrate Mg-containing aluminium spraying

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Application of cold spraying for flux-free brazing of aluminium alloy 6060

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 256-260 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0095-9

摘要： In the present study, samples of aluminium alloy 6060 were coated by cold spraying with a powder of brazing alloy Al12Si. The influence of the process gas temperature on particle velocities and coating build-up was investigated. The coated samples were heat-treated in air and under argon atmosphere to investigate the wetting behaviour of the deposited Al12Si and the diffusion processes between Al12Si coatings and substrates. Coated samples were brazed flux-free under argon atmosphere by an induction heating system. The microstructure of the coated, heat-treated, and brazed samples was investigated. The shear strength of the brazed joints was determined. The results show that the brazing alloy Al12Si could be very well deposited on the substrate by cold spraying. The particle velocity increased with increasing process temperature. Correspondingly, the thickness of Al12Si coatings increased with increasing process temperature. The heat treatments showed that a very good metallurgical bond between the Al12Si coatings and the substrate could be realized by the deposition using cold spraying. The coated samples could be well brazed without fluxes. The coating thickness and overlap width influenced the shear strength of the brazed joints. The highest shear strength of brazed joints amounts to 80 MPa.

关键词： aluminium alloy flux-free brazing cold spraying shear strength

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再生铝——适应可持续发展的绿色产业

杨遇春

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第1期页码 24-32

摘要：

论述了再生铝产业的现状和营销市场，指出规模经济是再生行业的主流，再生铝的产品结构在逐渐向变形铝合金的方向发展。市场需求和技术创新是推动再生铝产业发展的两个主要因素。

关键词：废杂铝旧铝罐（易拉罐）再生铝绿色产业

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Synthesis and characterization of magnesium hydroxide by batch reaction crystallization

Xingfu SONG, Shuying SUN, Dengke ZHANG, Jin WANG, Jianguo YU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 416-421 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1125-9

摘要： Magnesium hydroxide with high purity and uniform particle size distribution was synthesized by the direct precipitation method using MgCl and NaOH as reactive materials and NaCl as additive to improve the crystallization behavior of the product. The particle size distribution, crystal phase, morphology, and surface area of magnesium hydroxide were characterized by Malvern laser particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Branauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, respectively. The purity of products was analyzed by the chemical method. The effects of synthesis conditions on the particle size distribution and water content (filtration cake) of magnesium hydroxide were investigated. The results indicated that feeding mode and rate, and reaction temperature had important effects on water content and the particle size distribution of the product, and sodium chloride improved the crystallization behavior of magnesium hydroxide. The ball-like magnesium hydroxides with the particle size distribution of 6.0–30.0 μm and purity higher than 99.0% were obtained. This simple and mild synthesis method was promising to be scaled up for the industrial production of magnesium hydroxide.

关键词： magnesium hydroxide direct precipitation method industrial crystallization particle size distribution

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Influence of the filler materials on flux-free brazing of pure aluminium (1050)

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 47-51 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0079-9

摘要： In the present study, samples of pure aluminium (1050) were deposited by cold spraying with filler materials such as Al12Si, Al7Si, Al12Si-4%Cu, and the Al-Si-based filler material A, which was especially developed for flux-free brazing by the Surface Engineering Institute. Besides, pure Si powder was also sprayed. The coated samples were heat-treated under different conditions and were brazed under an argon atmosphere without fluxes or with the flux Nokolok by an induction heating system. The shear strength of the brazed joints was determined. The results show that the filler materials could be well deposited by cold spraying. A thin layer of brittle Si could also form due to the strong deformation of the substrate surface. The heat treatments showed that a very good metallurgical bond between the filler materials and the substrate could be realized by the deposition by cold spraying. The Al7Si deposited samples could not be brazed without fluxes under the given conditions. The samples deposited with other filler materials could be brazed without fluxes. The in-situ diffusion process made it possible to braze the Si-deposited samples at 580°C. The joints of the samples deposited with the filler material showed the highest shear strength of 41 MPa, whereas the values of the Al12Si and Si deposited samples were less than 20 MPa. The employment of the flux Nikolok significantly increased the shear strength of the Al12Si deposited samples to more than 53 MPa.

关键词： aluminium flux-free brazing cold spraying shear strength

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230 kA铝电解槽物理场测试分析与技术条件优化

华桂林,曾凡炯,李俊,邵勇,李来宝

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第2期页码 69-79

摘要：

通过铝电解槽物理场的综合测试，系统地给出电解槽的各区域能量损失、槽内磁感应强度的分布及流速分布，对铝电解槽的工艺技术条件合理性以及运行工况进行定量分析和科学评价，为提高铝电解主要技术经济指标，采取有针对性的技改措施提供科学依据。经过工艺技术条件的优化，实现最佳操作路线，有效提升了电解槽技术经济指标及综合效益。

关键词：铝电解电解槽物理场技术优化

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Noble-metal-free cobalt hydroxide nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation

Jie Lan, Daizong Qi, Jie Song, Peng Liu, Yi Liu, Yun-Xiang Pan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 948-955 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1920-2

摘要： Cobalt hydroxide has been emerging as a promising catalyst for the electrocatalytic oxidation reactions, including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and glucose oxidation reaction (GOR). Herein, we prepared cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (CoHP) and cobalt hydroxide nanosheets (CoHS) on nickel foam. In the electrocatalytic OER, CoHS shows an overpotential of 306 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm . This is enhanced as compared with that of CoHP (367 mV at 10 mA·cm ). In addition, CoHS also exhibits an improved performance in the electrocatalytic GOR. The improved electrocatalytic performance of CoHS could be due to the higher ability of the two-dimensional nanosheets on CoHS in electron transfer. These results are useful for fabricating efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic oxidation reactions.

关键词： electrocatalytic oxidation cobalt hydroxide nanosheet water glucose

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Hierarchically porous cellulose nanofibril aerogel decorated with polypyrrole and nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1593-1607 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2348-2

摘要： With increasing emphasis on green chemistry, biomass-based materials have attracted increased attention regarding the development of highly efficient functional materials. Herein, a new pore-rich cellulose nanofibril aerogel is utilized as a substrate to integrate highly conductive polypyrrole and active nanoflower-like nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide through in situ chemical polymerization and electrodeposition. This ternary composite can act as an effective self-supported electrode for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. With the synergistic effect of three heterogeneous components, the electrode achieves outstanding glucose sensing performance, including a high sensitivity (851.4 µA·mmol⁻¹·L·cm⁻²), a short response time (2.2 s), a wide linear range (two stages: 0.001−8.145 and 8.145−35.500 mmol·L⁻¹), strong immunity to interference, outstanding intraelectrode and interelectrode reproducibility, a favorable toxicity resistance (Cl^‒), and a good long-term stability (maintaining 86.0% of the original value after 30 d). These data are superior to those of some traditional glucose sensors using nonbiomass substrates. When determining the blood glucose level of a human serum, this electrode realizes a high recovery rate of 97.07%–98.89%, validating the potential for high-performance blood glucose sensing.

关键词： cellulose nanofibril aerogel nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide polypyrrole nonenzymatic glucose sensor

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21世纪伊始铝电解工业的新进展

邱竹贤

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第4期页码 41-46

摘要：

21世纪伊始，法国500kA特大型预焙阳极电解槽，以及中国320 kA大型电解槽的出现，标志着铝电解工业的重要新进展。文章从理论上分析了大型电解槽的优越性，论述了减少电解槽的热损失系数，即减少按单位电量核算的热损失量，便是大型槽能够节省电能的理论基础；应用低温铝电解和惰性电极是铝电解工业今后的发展方向。

关键词：铝电解工业大型电解槽低温铝电解惰性阳极和惰性阴极

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Optimising the oil phases of aluminium hydrogel-stabilised emulsions for stable, safe and efficient vaccine

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 973-984 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2123-1

摘要： To increase antibody secretion and dose sparing, squalene-in-water aluminium hydrogel (alum)-stabilised emulsions (ASEs) have been developed, which offer increased surface areas and cellular interactions for higher antigen loading and enhanced immune responses. Nevertheless, the squalene (oil) in previous attempts suffered from limited oxidation resistance, thus, safety and stability were compromised. From a clinical translational perspective, it is imperative to screen the optimal oils for enhanced emulsion adjuvants. Here, because of the varying oleic to linoleic acid ratio, soybean oil, peanut oil, and olive oil were utilised as oil phases in the preparation of aluminium hydrogel-stabilised squalene-in-water emulsions, which were then screened for their stability and immunogenicity. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of oil phases and emulsion stability were unravelled, which showed that a higher oleic to linoleic acid ratio increased anti-oxidative capabilities but reduced the long-term storage stability owing to the relatively low zeta potential of the prepared droplets. As a result, compared with squalene-in-water ASEs, soybean-in-water ASEs exhibited comparable immune responses and enhanced stability. By optimising the oil phase of the emulsion adjuvants, this work may offer an alternative strategy for safe, stable, and effective emulsion adjuvants.

关键词： pickering emulsion vaccine adjuvant alum-stabilised emulsion oleic to linoleic acid ratio stability

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铝合金汽车板性能及其应用

马鸣图,游江海,路洪洲,王志文

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第9期页码 4-20

摘要：

深入讨论了预处理工艺的影响并说明了该工艺在保证铝合金汽车板使用性能的重要性。介绍了铝合金汽车板在汽车上的典型应用。基于笔者认识和目前的研究进展，提出了汽车用铝合金汽车板的重点研发内容，降低成本和价格，做好应用研究是扩大铝合金汽车板在汽车上应用的重要工作。

关键词：汽车轻量化铝合金汽车板材力学性能成形性预处理工艺

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中国铝工业应用新型电极材料的研究与展望

邱竹贤

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第5期页码 50-54

摘要：

介绍了现代铝工业上新近开发研制的几种电极材料，涉及惰性阴极、惰性阳极、双极性电极等；还研制了低温电解质，使电解温度降低到800～900℃。如果惰性电极与低温电解质配合起来应用，则能够明显减少工业铝生产中的物料消耗，节省电能，增大电解槽生产能力，并改善环境状况，可望大幅度降低生产成本。

关键词：惰性阳极惰性阴极 SiC绝缘侧壁低温铝电解

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Layered double hydroxide-based core-shell nanoarrays for efficient electrochemical water splitting

Wenfu Xie, Zhenhua Li, Mingfei Shao, Min Wei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 537-554 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1719-6

摘要：

Electrochemical water splitting is an efficient and clean strategy to produce sustainable energy productions (especially hydrogen) from earth-abundant water. Recently, layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based materials have gained increasing attentions as promising electrocatalysts for water splitting. Designing LDHs into hierarchical architectures (e.g., core-shell nanoarrays) is one of the most promising strategies to improve their electrocatalytic performances, owing to the abundant exposure of active sites. This review mainly focuses on recent progress on the synthesis of hierarchical LDH-based core-shell nanoarrays as high performance electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting. By classifying different nanostructured materials combined with LDHs, a number of LDH-based core-shell nanoarrays have been developed and their synthesis strategies, structural characters and electrochemical performances are rationally described. Moreover, further developments and challenges in developing promising electrocatalysts based on hierarchical nanostructured LDHs are covered from the viewpoint of fundamental research and practical applications.

关键词： layered double hydroxides (LDHs) core-shell nanoarrays oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC)